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Ideally, natural gas burns in an appliance completely and
efficiently, mixing with the oxygen in the air to produce harmless
carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor.
But if conditions aren't right, the natural gas won't combust
completely, giving off deadly fumes of carbon monoxide (CO).
The dangers of carbon monoxide
When humans breathe in carbon monoxide, it enters the bloodstream and
depletes oxygen from the blood cells.
Exposure is harmful at high levels over a short period of time, or at
lower levels over a longer period - overnight, for example. Carbon
monoxide can be especially dangerous during the winter, when our homes
are sealed up tight.
Symptoms mimic the flu
The early effects of CO poisoning mimic the flu, so watch for these
warning signs:
- Headache
- Nausea or vomiting
- Dizziness and disorientation
- Muscle weakness or fatigue
If the flu-like symptoms are NOT accompanied by fever, if everyone in
the family is ill, or if the symptoms disappear when you leave the
house, you may have a CO problem - have your gas appliances checked by a
service technician right away.
It's important to catch CO problems in the early stages. If exposure
continues, the poisoning reaches the central nervous system, resulting
in memory loss, slurred speech, loss of consciousness and eventually
death.
Carbon monoxide concentrations and symptoms
Carbon monoxide poisonings are often detected by family or friends
telephoning a disoriented victim; if you notice any of these symptoms in
someone you know, call 911.
Preventing carbon monoxide
Prevention is the only way to deal with carbon monoxide, and the best
prevention is regular inspection by a service technician.
- An appliance could produce carbon monoxide if:
- Boxes, laundry or other materials are blocking the base,
restricting oxygen flow.
- The vent hood, pipes or flues are blocked or corroded.
- The unit is installed or adjusted improperly.
- It's used incorrectly (i.e., heating a room with a gas stove).
- The heat exchanger is cracked.
Natural gas furnaces should be inspected every year; other
appliances, such as water heaters, clothes dryers and stoves, should be
checked every two years. If you have a natural gas fireplace, it should
be serviced regularly as well.
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Did you know?
The symptoms
of CO poisoning
mimic the flu –
but without
a fever.
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Carbon monoxide detectors
If you have natural gas appliances, a carbon monoxide detector is a
must for keeping your family safe.
These devices work like smoke detectors, sounding an audible alarm if
a certain level of carbon monoxide (CO) is detected.
The best CO detectors are electronic alarms that notify you if the
level of CO is your home reaches 50 parts per million. A digital model
will have a display panel showing the exact levels detected.
You can choose from alarms that are battery-powered, hard-wired or
plug into an outlet. Keep these tips in mind:
For battery-powered models, change the batteries a minimum of every
six months. An easy way to remember is whenever you change your clocks
for Daylight Savings Time.
For hard-wired or plug-in models, remember that these won't work
during a power outage. If a storm knocks out your power for an extended
period, make sure to reset the detector when service is restored.
A CO detector should be installed near living and sleeping areas of
your home. Placing it in the basement near the furnace could produce
false reading and make it difficult to hear the alarm.
Rule
Carbon monoxide concentrations and symptoms
- 35 parts per million (ppm) = No adverse effects within eight hours
- 200 ppm = Mild headache after two to three hours of exposure
- 400 ppm = Headache and nausea after one to two hours
- 800 ppm = Headache, nausea and dizziness after 45 minutes;
collapse after two hours
- 1000 ppm = Loss of consciousness after one hour
- 1600 ppm = Headache, nausea and dizziness after 20 minutes;
unconsciousness after 30 minutes
- 3200 ppm = Headache, nausea and dizziness after 5-10 minutes;
unconsciousness after 30 minutes
- 12,800 = Immediate physiological effects; unconsciousness and
danger of death after only one to three minutes
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