Although we tend to think of stucco siding as an invention of mid-century America, in actuality some form of stucco has been used as far back as humankind has been making houses. Ancient Greeks and Romans used it as both an interior and exterior finish, and Renaissance artists created stucco from marble dust to use in buildings and sculpture. stucco is a mixture of cement, water and inert ingredients such as lime or sand and can be used to add unique character and texture to any residential exterior, not just for Spanish Villa or Mission style homes.
Although many people consider stucco to be limited to one color and look, in reality it is a very versatile material and can be applied in a number of ways for different effects. stucco is easily colored, and its texture altered through various application methods. Inert additives such as pebbles and limestone can be used to produce a variety of effects. Many companies also manufacture proprietary stucco blends that mimic the look of brick or stone. stucco siding is most commonly seen in earth or natural tones, but it be tinted to any color of the rainbow. An expert stucco installer can either add the desired pigment to the final layer of stucco before her or she applies it, or paint on the topmost layer after it is set.
Many homes that appear to have stucco siding are not covered in a true concrete or masonry material but a synthetic mixture that resembles stucco. Synthetic stuccos are an economical choice, and offer many advantages, but be sure to research the various choices available. One of the stucco alternatives which is used most frequently is EIFS, Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems. EIFS is an acrylic-polymer styrofoam that is applied on top of fiberglass and foam board insulation. Arguably, EIFS has some advantages over regular stucco, including increased durability and insulation. However, it has recently been linked to moisture problems that rot underlying wood structure. It is wise to get a professional inspection when purchasing any home, and doubly so for stucco-sided residences.
Conventional stucco is also known for its durability. While somewhat porous, with a tendency to absorb water, it also dries out very quickly. stucco is an excellent insulation material, which makes it an especially popular choice for exterior siding in areas with hot climates, such as the Southwest United States. Its insulating qualities decrease heating and cooling costs, and make it easier to maintain a constant, comfortable indoor temperature. Another important feature of stucco is that its resistance against fire and pests, such as termites.
The material used for stucco siding is comparable in price to other siding materials, but does have the relative disadvantage of requiring professional installation. Unless you are very experienced in working with masonry materials, it is best to hire a professional installer, as proper application of stucco requires extensive knowledge and experience. Applying stucco siding incorrectly can result in costly problems such as cracking and moisture retention while, expertly installed, it can last literally hundreds of years. The cost of the services of a professional installer will be far less than that of repairing damage from a poorly completed job further down the line.
An installer will apply stucco by hand over a wire lath, or screen that rests on top of a layer of substrate material. There are two types of application that are used most commonly, the one-coat and three-coat methods. As the names indicate, they differ in the number of layers of stucco that are applied. One-coat stucco is quicker and less expensive, but somewhat less durable. With either application method, the installer can mix pigment into the final coat of stucco or paint it onto the top layer after it is set. The newer polymers, or stucco alternatives, are sprayed or applied by hand onto cement board. The surface of the stucco can then be swirled, raked or smoothed to create the desired finish texture.
As to maintenance, stucco siding is relatively easy to take care of. Painted stucco can be re-painted as needed, and cracks filled in. This is a simple job that you can take care of on your own, provided that the crack is not too large. stucco siding should be cleaned with light pressure washing and a specially formulated stucco-cleaning agent. Even a garden hose will provide enough water pressure to gently wash away much surface dirt.
stucco siding is economical, durable, versatile and attractive. With relatively little maintenance required on the part of the homeowner, stucco is a smart choice for keeping your home looking great for years to come.
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